Habitat differentiation between sei (Balaenoptera borealis) and Bryde's whales (B. brydei) in the western North Pacific

Two closely related baleen whale species, sei and Bryde's whales, in the western North Pacific were studied to identify differences in habitat use. Data were obtained from May to August 2004 and 2005. This study examined the relationship between oceanographic features derived from satellite data and the distribution of sei and Bryde's whales using basic statistics. We investigated oceanographic features including sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface chlorophyll a (Chl‐a), sea surface height anomalies (SSHAs), and depth of the habitat. These two whale species used habitats with different SST, Chl‐a, and SSHA ranges. The 0.25 mg m^?3 Chl‐a contour (similar to the definition of the Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front) was a good indicator that separated the habitats of sei and Bryde's whales. Then generalized linear models were used to model the probabilities that the whale species would be present in a habitat and to estimate their habitat distribution throughout the study area as a function of environmental variables. The potential habitats of the two species were clearly divided, and the boundary moved north with seasonal progression. The habitat partitioning results indicated that SST contributed to the patterns of habitat‐use and might reflect differences in prey species between the two whales. This study showed that the habitats of the sei and Bryde's whales were clearly divided and their potential habitat‐use changed seasonally.     

玉米种子内部机械裂纹产生与扩展的微观机理

应用Cottrell位错塞积模型分析了玉米种子内部机械裂纹产生机理,采用Griffith能量平衡理论和分形几何理论推导了机械裂纹扩展速度与扩展路径维数计算公式,并对内部机械裂纹扩展速率进行分形分析.结果表明:当玉米种子局部所受应力达到一定时,其内部即产生机械裂纹;根据玉米种子内部机械裂纹扩展运动学公式,内部裂纹扩展宏观速度小于分形扩展速度;由玉米种子内部机械裂纹扩展路径的分形维数公式求出其维数为1.1395;淀粉颗粒尺寸相同时,裂纹沿淀粉颗粒扩展的速率最快.     

Simple prediction of crude protein content in vegetation growing on abandoned cultivated land

The accuracy of two simple methods was compared for the prediction of crude protein (CP) content of above‐ground plant material of mixed‐species composition on abandoned cultivated land in Japan. The first method is based on standard CP values (in g kg^?1 dry matter) for individual species (STV method) as listed in the literature. The second procedure (GLM method) was an application of the generalized linear model using the relative above‐ground biomass of monocots and legumes, total herbage mass, and day of year. Predictions were made at the quadrat scale, and for surveyed sites based on average of values for five or six quadrats in a single survey. A ‘leave‐site‐out’ method was adopted for model validation of the generalized linear model. The observed values of CP content ranged between 21·5 and 161·9 g kg^?1 dry matter (DM). With the STV method, the values of root mean square error (RMSE indicates average estimation error) were 50·9 at the quadrat level and 53·8 at the surveyed‐site level (both g kg^?1 DM). When a ‘leave‐site‐out’ validation was carried out, the RMSE‐values for the GLM method were 23·2 at the quadrat level and 13·2 at the surveyed‐site level (both g kg^?1 DM). We therefore propose adoption of the GLM method for the purpose of estimating the CP content in herbage on abandoned sites.     

RBF与GRNN神经网络模型在河流健康评价中的应用

利用层次分析法构建符合区域中小河流健康评价指标体系和分级标准,基于RBF与GRNN神经网络算法原理,分别构建RBF与GRNN神经网络算法的河流健康评价模型,采用内插法构造网络训练样本,将河流健康分级评价标准值作为“预测”样本进行“预测”,并将结果作为河流健康等级评价的划分依据,对文山州区域中小河流健康状况进行评价分析。结果表明：①RBF与GRNN神经网络模型对区域中小河流健康评价结果完全相同,与BP神经网络评价结果基本相同,表明研究建立的河流健康评价模型和评价方法均是合理可行的,同BP网络算法相比,RBF与GRNN神经网络模型有收敛速度快、预测精度高、不易陷入局部极小值等优点,且调整参数较少,只有一个SPREAD参数,可以更快地预测评价网络,具有较大的计算优势。②文山州区域主要河流健康评价等级为Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,即处于健康与亚健康之间,客观反映了区域中小河流健康状况,可为区域河流的可持续管理和生态环境建设提供参考依据。     

Purulent Necrotic Dislocation of the Hip Joint Associated with Umbilical Infection in a Foal

A 42-day-old heavy draft horse fell into sudden astasia. Significant swelling and heat sensation of the left femoral region were observed. Because of a friction sound in the left hip, we supposed that the hip joint was dislocated or the hip bone was fractured. Computed Tomography (CT) examination showed that the left hip joint was dislocated and the left femoral head was disjunct. We carried out a pathological autopsy, and made a diagnosis of the foal as fracture of the hip bone and femoral head with suppurative umbilical arteritis. Pathologic changes in the umbilical artery and hind leg were completely unilateral, suggesting that left umbilical arteritis spread to the blood circulation, causing arthritis and dislocation of the hip bone.     

Elastic-plastic Analysis of Timber Frame with FEM

Elastic-plastic analysis of timber frame and its seven strengthened projects are analyzed with the software ANSYS10.0. The numerical calculation and material mechanics calculation for the timber beam are compared to verify the correctness of the finite element model. The paper also analyzes the law of stress and strain of timber beam. In contrast with the yield load and ultimate load of strengthened timber frames, it shows that the lateral resistance of timber frame with corner supports is greatly improved. And a strengthened project for the timber frame is put forward.     

一类局部弱α-对角占优矩阵

利用矩阵分块和α-对角占优矩阵的性质,给出了一类局部弱α-对角占优矩阵为广义严格对角占优矩阵及其比较阵为非奇异M-矩阵的若干充分条件,拓展了广义严格对角占优矩阵的判定准则.     

一类恰含两个圈的本原不可幂定号有向图的广义基

研究了一类恰含两个圈的本原不可幂定号有向图,通过分析图形特点,综合利用SSSD途径对和Frobenius指数的特性推导出这类图的广义基.     

差分生长模型预测误差的分析

差分模型是一种特殊随机参数模型,仅有一个参数为随机参数。对于未参与抽样建模的林分,差分模型首先对应变量在林龄Aij0时的期望函数求解关于随机参数的表达式,然后用非随机参数的估计值和应变量在Aij0时的观测值Yij0分别取代对应参数和数学期望E(Yij0)来估计随机参数。显而易见,Yij0相当于E(Yij0)的估计值。由于这种特有的统计特征,经典非线性回归模型不能准确地估计差分模型预测误差的方差。针对这一不足,依据非线性回归模型预测误差的方差估计量的推导过程,导出了一个适用于差分模型的预测误差的方差估计量,并给出一个应用示例。所提出的估计量充分地考虑了重复观测数据的自相关性和Yij0对预测的影响作用。结果表明,该估计量能够描述未抽样林分预测误差的方差及其构成分量的变化趋势,而对于抽样建模的林分应该使用非线性回归模型的估计量进行预测误差分析。      

简支梁随机振动问题的简化解法

通过静力分析精确地确定梁的振型,将具有无限自由度的连续体系的随机振动问题归结为广义单自由度振动问题,计算了Bernoulli-Euler梁和Timoshenko梁的对应于广义坐标的广义质量、广义阻尼系数、广义刚度、广义荷载等物理特性,确定了随机均布荷载的功率谱密度,在此基础上推导出了激励作用下两种梁的最大位移、最大应力的峰值功率谱密度。经与有关文献比较表明,该方法产生的误差极小,却概念清楚,步骤简便,并易于为一般的工程技术人员所掌握,对于不是太复杂的结构进行分析本方法具有实际的指导意义。